Strategies employed
1.Connect (Hook and Hold) (5 mins)
+ Recall the various variables and hypotheses from Lesson 3 that the students have posted in their blogs.
2.Acquire and Make meaning (Receive Knowledge and skills, and understanding learning outcomes) (40 mins)
+ Students are directed to the Experimental procedure page to learn about how to design an experiment.
+ Students are required to write their experimental procedure.
+ Diagrams are also required as part of the requirement. Students are required to draw a diagram(s) using any drawing tools so that they can be inserted into their GPP.
+ Suggested tool is: MacPaint
+ You may download and install it in your Learning device.
+ An example of a procedure is given on the ISS Blog page below.
3.Transfer (Formative checks, reflections, etc.) (5 mins)
+ Remind the students to update their equipment list, diagrams, experimental procedure, risk assessment and management and method for analyzing data on their template.
A question that test students on writing the experimental plan
A student wanted to find out what temperature is the best for making the biggest crystals. (The aim)
The independent variable is temperature.
The dependent variable is the mass of copper sulfate crystals.
The constants are:
(a) The concentration of the copper sulfate solution used
(b) the total volume of the copper sulfate solution used
(c) the humidity of the environment above the beaker
(d) the mass of the seeding crystal
(e) the shape of the seeding crystal
Her hypothesis is that the lower the temperature, the bigger is the crystal grown.
Design an experiment to help her achieve this aim. You should include the following in your answers:
(a) Equipment list
(b) Diagram of your experimental setup
(c) The procedure of your experiment
(d) Describe how she should analyze her data.
Equipment list:
- clean beaker (250 ml) x 10
- copper sulfate in powder form
- stirrer
- Bunsen burner
- Lighter
- Weighing machine
- Magnifying glass
- Silica gel
- refrigerator (-10 degree Celcius to room temperature)
- incubator oven ( room temperature to 50 degrees Celcius)
- chopsticks x 100
Diagrams
Fig. 2.1 Experimental setup
Procedure:
1. Set up the experiment as shown in the diagram above.
2. Pour 50 grams of copper sulfate crystals into a beaker of 200 ml of distilled water and dissolve it using a stirrer.
3. To ensure that the concentration of copper sulfate is saturated, heat the beaker using a Bunsen flame so that we can dissolve the maximum amount of copper sulfate.
4. When we observe that the crystals cannot dissolve any further due to heating and stirring, stop the heating process.
5. Pour equal amounts of the copper sulfate solution into 6 different beakers of different amounts. (e.g. 25 ml each)
6. Make sure that the seeding crystals used to make the big crystals are of the same shape by using a magnifying glass to inspect.
7. Make sure that the seeding crystals used to make the big crystals are of the same mass by using a weighing machine.
8. Place the seeding crystals into the 6 different beakers.
9. Place the 6 different beakers into the refrigerator and the incubator ovens set according to the temperatures specified.
10. To ensure that the humidity of the space above the beakers remains the same, place a packet of moisture absorber (silica gel) in each of the refrigerator and the oven so as to make sure that the humidity is low. This is to make sure that there is no condensation of water vapor in the refrigerator and oven into the beaker of copper sulfate.
11. Wait patiently for a period of 5 days without disturbing the 6 beakers of copper sulfate solution.
12. After 5 days, remove the beakers from the refrigerators or ovens and remove the seeded crystal using a pair of chopsticks carefully.
13. Measure the final mass of the grown crystal using a weighing machine.
14. Repeat the experiment again using a similar setup and measure the average mass of the grown crystal again.
Analysis of data:
15. Tabulate the data and calculate the average mass of the grown crystal.
Table 2.1: Table of values for average mass of crystals against the temperature.
16. Plot a graph of the average mass of the crystal against the temperature in which it is grown.
Fig. 2.2 Graph of average mass of crystal against temperature.
17. From the graph, we can find out what temperature is best for making the biggest crystals. (The aim)
Risk assessment and management:
Risk
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Assessment
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Management
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The chemicals used are poisonous. If accidentally consumed, will cause the student to faint or have stomach flu.
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Low / Medium / High
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Students must wear gloves when carrying out the experiment. Students must not eat or drink during the experiment. Students must wash their hands before and after experimentation.
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As the experiments involve heating, there is a risk of fire if the flame accidentally touches any flammable material.
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Low / Medium / High
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Make sure that there are no flammable materials near the heating apparatus.
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As the experiments involve heating, there is a risk of scalding the hand accidentally.
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Low / Medium / High
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Use mittens or thongs when carrying out the experiment
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As the experiment involves glassware, there is a risk of breakage and cutting the hands.
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Low / Medium / High
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Wear gloves when carrying out the experiment. In case of breakage, the cut to the hands will be minimized.
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